Summing up 3.4
The most impressive features of Linux 3.4 are its many graphic driver improvements. Proprietary drivers are currently still required for the very latest chips by AMD and NVIDIA; however, in a few months' time, the kernel's open source drivers, and the support in Libdrm, Mesa 3D and the X Server drivers that are based on them, will likely have matured enough to be sufficient for many areas of use.
The x32 ABI is probably not worth the effort for many desktop PCs and servers, but it may become more prevalent in x86 smartphones and tablets with Linux. Other major new features of Linux 3.4 include improvements to Btrfs, improved process restrictions using Yama and many new and improved drivers.
Kernel trends: Outlook on 3.5
Directly following the release of Linux 3.4, the first, usually two-week long merge window of the Linux kernel development cycle commences, during which the kernel developers incorporate many changes for the next version of the kernel into the main development branch. Numerous changes have already been prepared for this first phase of the next development cycle.
In Linux 3.5, the developers plan to provide, for example, reshape support for the MD code, which allows the layout of RAIDÂ 10 data to be modified. Further patches that are ready for integration enable Linux computers ("SCSI targets") to be recognised as SCSI storage devices by another system ("SCSI host") via Firewire or UASP (USB Attached SCSI Protocol); many Apple systems have offered such a "FireWire target disk mode" for some time.
The Uprobes patches for userspace tracing also remain on the agenda; their developers have long worked to get them integrated into Linux. Udev and Systemd developer Kay Sievers has been working on various logging improvements that may make it into Linux 3.5; more information can be found in the article "Toward more reliable logging" on LWN.net.
As usual, the Kernel Log will summarise these and other developments in the Linux kernel field â including new point releases of the stable kernel series (3.4.y), which should, over the next few weeks, fix a few bugs that testers missed during development or which hackers could not fix in time for the release of Linux 3.4. The Kernel Log on The H Open will, as usual, be reporting on the major changes integrated into the next kernel version in a "Coming in 3.5" mini series. A release of 3.5 in late July seems likely at this point in time. A detailed summary of the major changes in 3.5 will then be published on The H Open in a Kernel Log like this one.
Facts and figures for the latest versions of the Linux Kernel
Linux
Version
Files1
Source lines2
Days
Commits3
Changes4
2.6.31
29109
11966406
(10778469)
92
10883
8938 files changed
914135 insertions(+)
504980 deletions(-)
2.6.32
30483
12530119
(11242136)
84
10998
10315 files changed
1092987 insertions(+)
530428 deletions(-)
2.6.33
31563
12910130
(11564768)
83
10871
9673 files changed
859458 insertions(+)
479452 deletions(-)
2.6.34
32295
13241023
(11861616)
82
9443
11154 files changed
609584 insertions(+)
278958 deletions(-)
2.6.35
33314
13465693
(12250679)
77
9801
8889 files changed
691927 insertions(+)
467252 deletions(-)
2.6.36
34301
13499457
(12539782)
80
9501
9202 files changed
582139 insertions(+)
628362 deletions(-)
2.6.37
35186
13916632
(13006967)
76
11446
11104 files changed,
1093202 insertions(+),
598350 deletions(-)
2.6.38
35864
14208866
(13289311)
69
9542
9133 files changed,
747809 insertions(+),
455603 deletions(-)
2.6.39
36705
14533582
(13600071)
65
10268
10985 files changed,
847537 insertions(+),
523387 deletions(-)
3.0
36781
14646952
(13688408)
64
9153
7946 files changed,
555406 insertions(+),
442033 deletions(-)
3.1
37084
14770469
(13804451)
94
8692
9181 files changed,
728892 insertions(+),
604658 deletions(-)
3.2
37617
14998651
(14017008)
73
11881
12608 files changed,
1646421 insertions(+),
1418238 deletions(-)
3.3
38082
15166074
(14173688)
74
10550
10698 files changed,
599745 insertions(+),
432324 deletions(-)
3.4
38566
15383860
(14370856)
63
10899
11086 files changed,
576156 insertions(+),
385369 deletions(-)
¹ find . -type f -not -regex '\./\.git/.*' | wc -l
² find .
-type f
-not -regex '\./\.git.*' | xargs cat | wc -l (find . -name *.[hcS] -not
-regex '\./\.git.*' | xargs cat | wc -l)
³ git-log --no-merges
--pretty=oneline v3.(x-1)..v3.(x) | wc -l
â´ git diff --shortstat
v3.(x-1)..v3.(x)
Linux Version |
Files1 | Source lines2 | Days | Commits3 | Changes4 |
2.6.31 | 29109 | 11966406 (10778469) |
92 | 10883 | 8938 files changed 914135 insertions(+) 504980 deletions(-) |
2.6.32 | 30483 | 12530119 (11242136) |
84 | 10998 | 10315 files changed 1092987 insertions(+) 530428 deletions(-) |
2.6.33 | 31563 | 12910130 (11564768) |
83 | 10871 | 9673 files changed 859458 insertions(+) 479452 deletions(-) |
2.6.34 | 32295 | 13241023 (11861616) |
82 | 9443 | 11154 files changed 609584 insertions(+) 278958 deletions(-) |
2.6.35 | 33314 | 13465693 (12250679) |
77 | 9801 | 8889 files changed 691927 insertions(+) 467252 deletions(-) |
2.6.36 | 34301 | 13499457 (12539782) |
80 | 9501 | 9202 files changed 582139 insertions(+) 628362 deletions(-) |
2.6.37 | 35186 | 13916632 (13006967) |
76 | 11446 | 11104 files changed, 1093202 insertions(+), 598350 deletions(-) |
2.6.38 | 35864 | 14208866 (13289311) |
69 | 9542 | 9133 files changed, 747809 insertions(+), 455603 deletions(-) |
2.6.39 | 36705 | 14533582 (13600071) |
65 | 10268 | 10985 files changed, 847537 insertions(+), 523387 deletions(-) |
3.0 | 36781 | 14646952 (13688408) |
64 | 9153 | 7946 files changed, 555406 insertions(+), 442033 deletions(-) |
3.1 | 37084 | 14770469 (13804451) |
94 | 8692 | 9181 files changed, 728892 insertions(+), 604658 deletions(-) |
3.2 | 37617 | 14998651 (14017008) |
73 | 11881 | 12608 files changed, 1646421 insertions(+), 1418238 deletions(-) |
3.3 | 38082 | 15166074 (14173688) |
74 | 10550 | 10698 files changed, 599745 insertions(+), 432324 deletions(-) |
3.4 | 38566 | 15383860 (14370856) |
63 | 10899 | 11086 files changed, 576156 insertions(+), 385369 deletions(-) |
¹ find . -type f -not -regex '\./\.git/.*' | wc -l ² find . -type f -not -regex '\./\.git.*' | xargs cat | wc -l (find . -name *.[hcS] -not -regex '\./\.git.*' | xargs cat | wc -l) ³ git-log --no-merges --pretty=oneline v3.(x-1)..v3.(x) | wc -l ⴠgit diff --shortstat v3.(x-1)..v3.(x) |
Linux 3.4 download
The new Linux kernel can be downloaded on Kernel.org and soon should become available from the worldwide network of servers that mirror the web site.
The source code is offered as tar archive compressed with Gzip, Bzip2, or XZ. The authenticity of the uncompressed tarball can be verified with a signature file that is shipped alongside it â for example, the process for Linux 3.1 would be performed with commands like this:
[thl@thl tmp]$ wget --quiet \
http://www.kernel.org/pub/linux/kernel/v3.0/linux-3.1.tar.sign \
http://www.kernel.org/pub/linux/kernel/v3.0/linux-3.1.tar.xz
[thl@thl tmp]$ xz -d linux-3.1.tar.xz
[thl@thl tmp]$ gpg --verify linux-3.1.tar.sign
gpg: Signature made Mon Oct 24 09:17:58 2011 CEST using RSA key ID 00411886
gpg: Good signature from "Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>"
gpg: WARNING: This key is not certified with a trusted signature!
gpg: There is no indication that the signature belongs to the owner.
Primary key fingerprint: ABAF 11C6 5A29 70B1 30AB E3C4 79BE 3E43 0041 1886
Linux 3.4 download
The new Linux kernel can be downloaded on Kernel.org and soon should become available from the worldwide network of servers that mirror the web site.
The source code is offered as tar archive compressed with Gzip, Bzip2, or XZ. The authenticity of the uncompressed tarball can be verified with a signature file that is shipped alongside it â for example, the process for Linux 3.1 would be performed with commands like this:
[thl@thl tmp]$ wget --quiet \
http://www.kernel.org/pub/linux/kernel/v3.0/linux-3.1.tar.sign \
http://www.kernel.org/pub/linux/kernel/v3.0/linux-3.1.tar.xz
[thl@thl tmp]$ xz -d linux-3.1.tar.xz
[thl@thl tmp]$ gpg --verify linux-3.1.tar.sign
gpg: Signature made Mon Oct 24 09:17:58 2011 CEST using RSA key ID 00411886
gpg: Good signature from "Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>"
gpg: WARNING: This key is not certified with a trusted signature!
gpg: There is no indication that the signature belongs to the owner.
Primary key fingerprint: ABAF 11C6 5A29 70B1 30AB E3C4 79BE 3E43 0041 1886
Further background information about the developments in the Linux kernel area can be found using the search function at The H Open Source. Information about previous Linux kernel releases can be found in The H's Linux Kernel History. New editions of Kernel Logs are also mentioned on Identi.ca and Twitter by @kernellog2. The Kernel Log author also posts updates about various topics on Identi.ca and Twitter as @kernellogauthor.